🧬 Reproductive peptides

A synthetic decapeptide GnRH receptor antagonist — EU-authorised in 1999 and FDA-approved in 2000 — used to prevent premature LH surges during controlled ovarian stimulation, suppressing gonadotropins by competitive receptor blockade instead of the flare-then-downregulation route GnRH agonists take.

A synthetic decapeptide GnRH receptor antagonist, FDA approved since 2008 as a monthly subcutaneous depot for advanced prostate cancer, that suppresses LH, FSH, and testosterone within days without the initial testosterone surge produced by GnRH agonists.

The pituitary gonadotropin that drives ovarian follicle maturation and Sertoli cell function, licensed in the United States as recombinant follitropin alfa and follitropin beta and as urine-derived menotropins for fertility indications.

A synthetic decapeptide GnRH receptor antagonist, FDA-approved in 1999 as Antagon and now sold as ganirelix acetate injection and Fyremadel, used in prefilled syringes to prevent premature LH surges during controlled ovarian stimulation.

A synthetic decapeptide identical to native gonadotropin-releasing hormone, FDA approved as Factrel in 1982 for pituitary testing and as Lutrepulse in 1989 for ovulation induction, with both US products since discontinued.

A synthetic decapeptide GnRH superagonist delivered as a biodegradable subcutaneous implant, FDA-approved since 1989 as Zoladex for prostate cancer, advanced breast cancer in premenopausal women, endometriosis, and endometrial thinning before ablation.

A dimeric glycoprotein hormone that activates the LH/hCG receptor to drive gonadal steroidogenesis, licensed as an injectable prescription biologic for cryptorchidism, male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and ovulation induction.

A synthetic nonapeptide GnRH agonist delivered as a 12-month subcutaneous hydrogel implant — FDA-approved as Supprelin LA for central precocious puberty (2007) and formerly as Vantas for advanced prostate cancer (2004, discontinued 2021) — that suppresses gonadotropins through pituitary desensitization.

A synthetic nonapeptide GnRH superagonist that initially stimulates and then durably suppresses gonadotropin secretion, FDA-approved since 1985 in daily and long-acting depot formulations for advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and central precocious puberty.

A radioligand in which the small-molecule PSMA inhibitor PSMA-617 carries the beta emitter lutetium-177 into prostate-specific membrane antigen-positive prostate cancer cells, FDA approved since 2022 for metastatic prostate cancer and extended to earlier disease settings in 2025 and 2026.

A synthetic decapeptide GnRH agonist delivered as a metered nasal spray, FDA approved since 1990 for endometriosis and later for central precocious puberty, that suppresses gonadotropin and sex-steroid output through pituitary desensitization.

A peptide hormone used in FDA-approved medical settings but also frequently reframed in wellness and research-market discussions.

A melanocortin peptide best known in regulated medicine as bremelanotide and in the research market as PT-141.

A synthetic decapeptide GnRH agonist (D-Trp6-GnRH) that briefly stimulates and then durably suppresses gonadotropin release, FDA-approved as pamoate depots for advanced prostate cancer (Trelstar, 2000) and central precocious puberty (Triptodur, 2017).

A long-acting synthetic oxytocin analog approved outside the United States as Duratocin and Pabal to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, with a heat-stable form on the WHO Essential Medicines List; intranasal carbetocin failed in Prader-Willi syndrome.

The trans-isomer of clomiphene, a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator studied as an oral therapy for secondary hypogonadism in men; not a peptide, never approved in the US or EU, and compounded in the US only under FDA's interim enforcement policy.

Family entry for the KISS1-derived peptides (kisspeptin-54, -14, -13 and -10) that activate KISS1R to drive hypothalamic GnRH release; the isoform-specific evidence lives on the kisspeptin-54 and kisspeptin-10 profiles.

The C-terminal decapeptide of the KISS1 gene product that activates the KISS1R (GPR54) receptor on hypothalamic GnRH neurons, used in academic human physiology studies and early-phase reproductive-disorder trials; no approved product exists.

The anterior-pituitary gonadotropin that triggers ovulation and drives Leydig-cell testosterone production; its recombinant form, lutropin alfa (Luveris), was approved in the U.S. in 2004 but had that approval withdrawn in 2016, leaving hCG as the clinical LH-activity surrogate.

A melanocortin analogue commonly discussed for tanning and cosmetic interest but not approved as an FDA drug.

A two-chain peptide hormone of the insulin superfamily that signals through the RXFP1 receptor to produce vasodilation and antifibrotic effects, and whose recombinant form, serelaxin, failed the RELAX-AHF-2 phase 3 trial in acute heart failure.

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly) from the Khavinson bioregulator family, studied for testicular tissue bioregulation and age-related hormonal support.

The 54-residue kisspeptin isoform, also called metastin, that activates the KISS1R receptor to drive hypothalamic GnRH release; it is the form used in most human reproductive-endocrinology trials, including IVF oocyte-maturation triggering.

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro) from the Khavinson bioregulator family, studied for prostatic tissue bioregulation and geroprotective effects.

A peptide-complex extract from animal testicular tissue, sold as oral capsules within the Khavinson bioregulator line and marketed for male reproductive support, with no published sequence, no identified target, and no compound-specific human trials.